INTRODUCTION TO COURSEWORK
In English next year, we are going to be reading The Odyssey in its entirety. This poem chronologically comes at the end of a series of stories called The Nostoi (“The Returns”), which are about the various heroes traveling home after the Trojan War. Many of you may be familiar with the outline of these famous myths but knowing the details of these stories is vital for analyzing the themes of The Odyssey. Logically, we must start with Edith Hamilton’s book simply titled Mythology. This book is an anthology, a collection of stories. Instead of reading the whole text, I want you to focus on the passages about the origins of the universe and the order of the world imposed by the Olympians, the gods who rule over mankind. Then we must turn our attention to the Greek heroes in a poem called The Iliad, the story of the last year of the Trojan War. These events precede The Odyssey, but they are frequently referenced, and Homer, the author of the poem, assumes that readers or listeners have a knowledge of this material.
SUMMER ASSIGNMENTS
The first book you need to acquire is Edith Hamilton’s Mythology. Please have a paperback version of this text; we will reference it frequently throughout the year, and you will find it a useful reference in your future classes at The Prep. Here are the sections you should read this summer — be prepared for a test on this material in the second week of school.
- The Gods, pages 21-49 (you may skip the section on the Roman gods)
- The Trojan War, pages 255-277
- The Fall of Troy, pages 277-291 (you may skip the sections about Odysseus and Aeneas - we will cover those in class during the school year)
- The House of Atreus, pages 345-372 (pay special attention to the story of Agamemnon’s death at the hands of his wife Clytemnestra, and Orestes getting revenge for his father’s murder)
The second book you need is The Iliad. There are many versions of this poem because it was originally composed in Ancient Greek. Therefore, it is important we all have the same text as there are many translators of varying qualities who have tried their hands at adapting this poem into English. In order to help us visualize the many characters and places in the poem, I have chosen the graphic novel by Gareth Hinds. You may purchase a physical copy of this book, but I actually recommend you read it on a phone or a tablet through the Kindle app. The app is free and allows for a “cinematic view” where the images will be zoomed in and change from panel to panel as you touch the screen. Whichever way you read the text, please have the following questions answered for the first day of school, as I will collect and grade these and offer you a chance to revise them.
- Ilium means “Troy” in Ancient Greek, and the title Iliad means “the song about Troy.” Even though the author of this poem was Greek and the readers are meant to sympathize with the Greek characters, how does Homer portray the Trojans? Are they as strong as the Greeks? As heroic? As complicated or flawed? [1 page]
- What is the relationship between the gods and the mortals in this poem? Obviously, the gods are more powerful, but why do they become so involved in human affairs? [½ page]
- There are many names of characters and places in The Iliad, far too many to remember. How does the illustrator help us visualize what happens to all these secondary individuals? Cite some examples in your answer. [½ page]
- Provide a character analysis of Achilles. What are the major events involving him in this poem, and how does he react to them? In what sense is he the protagonist (or main character) of the story? [1 page]
- Which was your favorite illustrated section of the story? Why? What kinds of images, shapes, colors, or frame sizes does the author use to draw the reader’s attention to the action in this scene? [½ page]
*all answers should be double spaced*
Please purchase ONLY the following editions of your Summer Reading books. You will need them in class for reading and discussion:
ISBN-13: 978-0316223331
ISBN-13: 978-0763696634
A Few Tips for Writing:
- Keep your sentences simple and direct.
- Keep your subject simple and concrete. Avoid the phrases “is that,” “is because,” and “is why;” they are awkward sounding and unnecessarily complicate your sentences.
- Example: The reason Achilles threw the spear is because he was mad at Hector.
- A better sentence: Achilles threw the spear because he was mad at Hector.
- Use examples. Do not assume the reader immediately understands what you mean. Reference the text you are referring to often.
Should you have any questions, please feel free to contact me directly at aclapham@shp.org.
Have a wonderful summer!
Andrew Clapham ’05 D.Litt.
Freshman Seton Scholar English Teacher